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《Spring Boot 实现原理与源码解析 —— 精品合集》 《Java 面试题 + Java 学习指南》

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环境搭建

Nacos搭建

最新版本快速搭建 使用Mysql模式

Nacos直接启动即可。控制台默认账号密码是nacos/nacos，Mysql账户密码有两个 root/root 和 nacos/nacos。

Seata搭建

Seata版本1.5.0 快速搭建

Seata1.5.0版本直接是一个SpringBoot项目，下载后修改application.yml 文件中注册中心、配置中心、存储模式配置。参考resources/application.example.yml 文件 ，修改后如下

server:
  port: 7091

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-server

logging:
  config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
  file:
    path: ${user.home}/logs/seata
  extend:
    logstash-appender:
      destination: 127.0.0.1:4560
    kafka-appender:
      bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
      topic: logback_to_logstash

console:
  user:
    username: seata
    password: seata

seata:
  config:
    # support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3
    type: file
  registry:
    # support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      namespace:
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      cluster: default
      username: nacos
      password: nacos
      ##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
      #access-key: ""
      #secret-key: ""
  store:
    # support: file 、 db 、 redis
    mode: db
    db:
      datasource: druid
      db-type: mysql
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?rewriteBatchedStatements=true
      user: root
      password: root
      min-conn: 5
      max-conn: 100
      global-table: global_table
      branch-table: branch_table
      lock-table: lock_table
      distributed-lock-table: distributed_lock
      query-limit: 100
      max-wait: 5000
#  server:
#    service-port: 8091 #If not configured, the default is '${server.port} + 1000'
  security:
    secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017
    tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000
    ignore:
      urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-fe/public/**,/api/v1/auth/login

创建seata数据库，执行脚本建表

-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
    `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
    `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
    `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
    `timeout`                   INT,
    `begin_time`                BIGINT,
    `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
    KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`),
    KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
    `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
    `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
    `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
    `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
    `status`            TINYINT,
    `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
    `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
    `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
    PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
    `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `xid`            VARCHAR(128),
    `transaction_id` BIGINT,
    `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
    `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
    `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
    `status`         TINYINT      NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',
    `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
    KEY `idx_status` (`status`),
    KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock`
(
    `lock_key`       CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `lock_value`     VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `expire`         BIGINT,
    primary key (`lock_key`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);

启动seata-server，控制台登录页面如下，账号密码为seata/seata。

项目搭建

业务背景

用户购买商品的业务逻辑。整个业务逻辑由3个微服务提供支持：

  • 仓储服务： 对给定的商品扣除仓储数量。
  • 订单服务： 根据采购需求创建订单。
  • 帐户服务： 从用户帐户中扣除余额。

架构

业务表创建

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_account
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_account`;
CREATE TABLE `t_account`
(
    `id`      int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `user_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `amount`  double(14, 2
) DEFAULT '0.00',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_account
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_account`
VALUES ('1', '1', '4000.00');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_order
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order`
(
    `id`             int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `order_no`       varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `user_id`        varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `commodity_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `count`          int(11) DEFAULT '0',
    `amount`         double(14, 2
) DEFAULT '0.00',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=64 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_order
-- ----------------------------

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_stock
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_stock`;
CREATE TABLE `t_stock`
(
    `id`             int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `commodity_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `name`           varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `count`          int(11) DEFAULT '0',
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE KEY `commodity_code` (`commodity_code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_stock
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_stock`
VALUES ('1', 'C201901140001', '水杯', '1000');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for undo_log
-- 注意此处0.3.0+ 增加唯一索引 ux_undo_log
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `undo_log`;
CREATE TABLE `undo_log`
(
    `id`            bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `branch_id`     bigint(20) NOT NULL,
    `xid`           varchar(100) NOT NULL,
    `context`       varchar(128) NOT NULL,
    `rollback_info` longblob     NOT NULL,
    `log_status`    int(11) NOT NULL,
    `log_created`   datetime     NOT NULL,
    `log_modified`  datetime     NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of undo_log
-- ----------------------------
SET
FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;

服务创建

业务服务

以order服务为例，引入依赖、配置参数、提供创建订单接口。

pom.xml文件中引入依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.properties配置参数

server.port=81
spring.application.name=order
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.username=nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.password=nacos
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_samples?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&allowMultiQueries=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
mybatis-plus.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

提供创建订单接口

@RequestMapping("/add")
 public void add(String userId, String commodityCode, Integer count, BigDecimal amount) {
     Order order = new Order();
     order.setOrderNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
     order.setUserId(userId);
     order.setAmount(amount);
     order.setCommodityCode(commodityCode);
     order.setCount(count);
     orderService.save(order);
 }

聚合服务

business服务远程调用仓储、订单、帐户服务，完成下单流程。

1.pom.xml文件中引入依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.application.properties配置参数

server.port=80
spring.application.name=business
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.username=nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.password=nacos
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_samples?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&allowMultiQueries=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
service.disableGlobalTransaction=false
# 连接超时时间
ribbon.ConnectTimeout=3000
# 响应超时时间
ribbon.ReadTimeout=5000

3.声明account、stock、order的feign接口。

@FeignClient(value = "account")
public interface AccountFeign {
    @RequestMapping("/account/reduce")
    public void reduce(@RequestParam("userId") String userId, @RequestParam("amount") BigDecimal amount);

}
@FeignClient(value = "order")
public interface OrderFeign {
    @RequestMapping("/order/add")
    public void add(@RequestParam("userId") String userId, @RequestParam("commodityCode") String commodityCode, @RequestParam("count") Integer count, @RequestParam("amount") BigDecimal amount);

}
@FeignClient(value = "stock")
public interface StockFeign {
    @RequestMapping("/stock/deduct")
    public void deduct(@RequestParam("commodityCode") String commodityCode, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);

}

4.全局事务开启，调用feign接口

@Autowired
private OrderFeign orderFeign;

@Autowired
private StockFeign stockFeign;

@Autowired
private AccountFeign accountFeign;

@GlobalTransactional
@RequestMapping("/toOrder")
public void toOrder(String userId, String commodityCode, Integer count, BigDecimal amount) {
    accountFeign.reduce(userId, amount);
    stockFeign.deduct(commodityCode, count);
    orderFeign.add(userId, commodityCode, count, amount);
}

测试验证

当前资金账户4000，库存1000，模拟用户购买商品2000个，消费4000，业务调用后，数据库数据状态应该如下：

  • 用户资金满足4000，数据库更新用户资金为0。
  • 商品库存不满足2000个，异常。
  • business服务提交全局回滚。
  • 资金服务回滚操作，更新资金为4000。

验证：

1.浏览器输入地址请求访问

  • http://127.0.0.1/business/toOrder?userId=1&commodityCode=C201901140001&count=2000&amount=4000

2.account、stock服务日志观察。

3.数据库数据依然为原始状态。

注意事项

1.Seata1.5版本的mysql驱动是5.7，需要为8，在libs文件夹删除mysql-connector-java-5.xx.jar，替换mysql-connector-java-8.xx.jar即可

2.Spring Boot &Spring Cloud&Spring Cloud Alibaba版本兼容问题

Spring Cloud Alibaba版本说明

3.druid和数据驱动版本兼容

通过druid仓库版本查看各依赖版本说明

代码仓库

  • https://gitee.com/codeWBG/springcloud_alibaba
文章目录
  1. 1. 环境搭建
    1. 1.0.1. Nacos搭建
    2. 1.0.2. Seata搭建
  • 2. 项目搭建
    1. 2.0.1. 业务背景
    2. 2.0.2. 架构
    3. 2.0.3. 业务表创建
    4. 2.0.4. 服务创建
      1. 2.0.4.0.1. 业务服务
      2. 2.0.4.0.2. 聚合服务
  • 3. 测试验证
  • 4. 注意事项
    1. 4.0.1. 代码仓库